Dark Night of the Soul

Although the “dark night of the soul” depressed_manhas fallen into common usage, I would like to credit St. John of the Cross for his treatise by that title written in the 16th century.  Since we have been discussing the possibility of alternate views on “depression” his work seems quite relevant.

St. John of the Cross describes the “dark night” and extols its purpose and benefits to spiritual growth.  Notice the similarity of his descriptions to depression.

“The dark night puts the sensory and spiritual appetites to sleep, deadens them, and deprives them of the ability to find pleasure in anything.  It binds the imagination and impedes it from doing any good discursive work.”  (The Dark Night, Book 2, Chapter 16)

“…although it may seem to them that they are doing nothing and are wasting their time, and although it may appear to them that it is because of their weakness that they have no desire in that state to think of anything.  The truth is that what they will be doing is quite sufficient…”  (The Dark Night, Book 1, Chapter 11)

“Spiritual person’s suffer great trials, by reason not so much of the aridities which they suffer, as of the fear which they have of being lost on the road, thinking that all spiritual blessing is over for them and that they have been abandoned* since they find no help or pleasure  in good things.”  (The Dark Night, Book 1, Chapter 10)

For someone on a spiritual path that thinks themselves “depressed” I highly recommend, The Collected Works of St. John of the Cross.This work includes The Dark Night of the Soul and The Ascent of Mount Carmel where he begins his discussion of the dark night.  He divides the dark night into three phases:  the active night of the senses, the passive night of the senses and the passive night of the spirit.

The active night is where we are actively turning from things that provided us with “empty calories”.  It is where we decide that twelve hours of television a day may be entertaining, but it doesn’t really satisfy us.  Or perhaps we decide that while certain foods taste good, they ultimately make us sluggish or contribute to ill health.  In this way we “actively” enter a dark night of our senses.  We are turning from simple sensual pleasures and looking for more inner meaning.

“We are using the expression “night” to signify a deprival of the gratification of the soul’s appetites in all things.” (The Ascent of Mount Carmel, Book 1, Chapter 3)

Here he refers to “things” meaning “worldly” things in contrast to ultimate reality.  He further explains that it is a dark night because turning from worldly things is a dark night for our senses, relying on faith is a dark night for our intellect, and reaching enlightenment is a dark night to the soul in this life.

However, we can only get so far with that process.  To get to enlightenment, St John says we need to enter a passive process by which unseen forces (God) begins to change us. The passive process is best described as depression.  Before we were actively turning from superficial pleasures and now we inherently find no pleasure in anything.  This includes not only worldly things, but our spiritual practice as well.

“The soul suffers great pain and grief, since there is added to all this the fact that it finds no consolation or support in any instruction or spiritual master.” (The Dark Night, Book 2, Chapter 7)

The Buddhist parallel is “purification”.  Purification is the process by which our “shit” arises, we watch it without reacting, and that is the end of it.  This process is facilitated by mindfulness based meditation.  St John advises:

“If those souls to whom this comes to pass knew how to be quiet at this time, and troubled not about performing any kind of action, whether it inward or outward, neither had any anxiety about doing anything, then they would delicately experience this inward refreshment in that ease and freedom from care.” (The Dark Night, Book 1, Chapter 9)

The dark night is completely individual and unpredictable.  It can be short, severe and brutal.  It can also last years and years.  Usually the longer courses of dark night are intermingled with times of illumination.  Hmmm… sounds a little bipolar.

So perhaps when you are thinking you might just be cursed with mental illness you can consider other possibilities:

“It will happen to individuals that while they are being conducted along a sublime path of dark contemplation and aridity, in which they feel lost and filled with darknesses, trials, conflicts, and temptations they will meet someone who will proclaim that all of this is due to melancholia, depression, temperament, or some hidden wickedness.” (The Ascent to Mount Carmel, Prologue, Section 4)

On that note, I will slip back into my night.  The effort that I applied to complete this post has been great and I am spent.  I now relax into the infinite repose that is the nature of ultimate reality and I can breath again.  Being is enough.

Want to read more St. John of the Cross?  Here is a post on contemplation.

* I replaced “God has abandoned them” with “they have been abandoned” for a more universal appeal.

Preliminary Dark Retreat

The retreat took some interesting turns.  First, just before the retreat began, I had a guest at my weekly Access Bars® trade offer to facilitate some breath work.  The first session was so amazing and fun I asked him to stay and join me in the dark and do some joint breath work.  We quickly transformed the house into a dark cave and the beginning of the retreat was focused on pranayama.  This was unexpected, but seemed like the right thing to do.

I ended up forty hours in the dark, with the last twenty-four hours alone in silence.  As is typical of any of my personal retreats, my experience ranged from sadness and despair to elation and inspiration.  I started the retreat not wanting to be on retreat and in the dark.  However, when I asked myself if I wanted to break retreat I found there was really no place else I wanted to be and nothing else I’d rather be doing.  I was simply experiencing sadness and dissatisfaction arising.   Nothing to do about that.

Later I would have moments of inspiration where I would think about ways to extend the retreat.  I was simply experiencing calm and confidence arising.  Nothing to do about that either.

This preliminary retreat was undertaken to see if it might help deepen my ability to stay in instant presence and inform a decision for a longer retreat.  The darkness did not change my ability to stay in instant presence significantly during the time I was in retreat.  However, this is not to say that a longer retreat might not give a different result or that some unnoticeable benefit occurred.  I did like the dark overall and would consider a longer retreat.

My friend that had done a three day dark retreat said that the first day or so is marked by increased sleep.  I expected this, yet found that my sleepiness was not increased beyond what I normally experience when meditating all day.  Indeed, after twenty-four hours, I was “tired” of practice and wanted to go to bed early, yet sleep would not come to me.  I did have a subtle sense that melatonin was increasing in my body, not by feeling sleepy, but by my body having an increased sense of heaviness.  I seemed to have a slight sense of headache, which may or may not have been related to changes due to the darkness.

Some of the logistical things I learned:

1)  During the retreat, my front window cracked, which I attribute to the heat generated by the inserts I used to darken the window.  Apparently the black plastic over a foam insert was too much.  The inner pane of the dual pane windows has a large crack in it now.

2)  Running the swamp cooler after dark was feasible since at night the attic vents that open when it runs did not allow in noticeable light.

3)  It is hard to maintain balance in the dark and even after forty hours this was not stabilized.  What this means, practically, was that walking and some of my chi gung moves didn’t really work.  I did find that by putting a quilt on the ground to mark my boundaries, I was able to do some “nine-palace walking” without running into things. Of course, even though I thought I was walking a pattern, my bearing and orientation were completely off.

4)  I would need to devote more attention to motivating to do physical exercise during the retreat.  The lack of ease of moving and difficulty doing my usual routine meant I did very little movement.  This, along with my extended sitting/lying, contributed to a slight flare up in my chronic back tension.

5)  After twenty-four hours the physical movement of switching positions (i.e. standing up) would stimulate the receptors in the eye and create a mosaic of light.  The optic nerve could also be stimulated directly by pressure on the eye.  The “light” would die out after a minute and then it would take about 10 minutes of rest before the phenomenon could be repeated.  Palpating the eye in a specific manner was one of the dark retreat practices.  I do not have a clear explanation of why it is done, but I did notice that the experience of “light” seemed to elevate my mood a little and make me feel more expansive.

I broke retreat by lighting a candle and slowly increasing the light from there.

I am still curious about doing a longer retreat, not because I am confident that it will facilitate instant presence, but because I am curious about the changes that occur with extended darkness.  My major concern is how to do that exploration and maintain balance.  During a daylight retreat I maintain balance with a couple hours of internal arts practice and a couple hours of reading of basic spiritual texts.  I have found that I don’t have the personal capacity for eleven hours (or even eight) hours of straight meditation for extended periods (I become depressed).  However, I can retreat successfully if these additional practices are included.

I think that if I were to repeat the dark retreat I would want a partner for the initial few days (or perhaps longer) with defined periods of silent practice and partner practice.  Although I have a little voice that says that this would be “breaking the rules” and in someways makes the whole retreat “invalid”, I remind myself we are encouraged to practice at our capacity and not beyond that.  Besides, what have I made so essential about being alone and being in silence?

 

 

Leveraging the Media

In my Pharmacology of Addiction class we recently studied the history of inhalant use.  Before 1959 there was no media mention of sniffing glue.  That year a report of several children in Arizona and Colorado being arrested for intoxication from smelling glue was made in the Denver Post.  This article included detailed information on how the glue was inhaled and the effects.

Within the next year Denver police, who had never heard of deliberate glue inhalation, had investigated around 50 cases.  By 1961, they were seeing 30 cases a month of glue sniffing and that year they arrested 278 people.  The publicity of the media, and the dire warnings they were broadcasting, had the effect of increasing curiosity and the spread of the glue inhalation trend.  Indeed, by 1962 the Hobby Industry Association of America invested $250,000 to combat the spread of glue sniffing.  This of course did not slow down the trend.

Now, why can’t we do this with meditation?  Certainly tales of the mind and body bliss experienced in the jhanas should be sufficient to lure people into meditative concentration.  The ancient masters of China used this technique to obtain internal art students.  Demonstrations of great power and the promise of secret techniques are always sure to hook people.

Yet, I never hear people talking about the absolute blissful states that can be obtained in meditation.  Perhaps this is because people dedicated to the path see the bliss as a consolation, but not really anything to lust after.  However, I’d much rather see people approaching meditation with wrong motivation than going after an addictive drug with the same motivation.  The truth is the practice will weed out people with wrong motivation and/or convert people to truly seeking a spiritual lifestyle.

Indeed, most meditation instructions fail to really discuss the stages of meditation.  People begin to meditate without having a clear vision of what they are doing, how the practice changes the mind, and at what stage they can expect bliss to arise.  I know that I decided to meditate because it was part of the Twelve Steps.  I continued to do it because it was part of the Noble Eightfold Path as well as Tibetan Lam Rims.

I think we are seeing this with Yoga.  In record numbers people are practicing yoga and most of them have no idea what they are doing.  Actually they know what they are doing, but it is not the original intention of the practice.

In Tibetan Buddhism, yoga is a secret teaching.  After 20-25 years of study one graduates from the open or sutra teachings and then is taught yoga and other secret subjects in small private classes.  Now, we have people practicing these deep methods with rarely a clue to what they can really do.  I love it!  Certainly, meditation is similar.  Many people start doing it, like me, without really a clue to why or what.  I only knew it was something good for me.  Perhaps we can be more vocal about the bliss in order to attract more people?

REFERENCES
McKim, W.A. (2007). Drugs and Behavior: An Introduction to Behavioral Pharmacology. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.